GCC Banks to Benefit from Strong Capital Levels

The banks in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) will continue to benefit from strong capital levels, supporting their overall performance in 2025, the UK-based accounting firm Ernst & Young (Y) said.

In its banking sector outlook for the current year, EY said that the expansion of gas production in Qatar, implementation of economic transformation projects in Saudi Arabia, and non-oil economic growth in Bahrain and the UAE will underpin the resilience of GCC banks this year.

In addition, the Brent crude price is expected to stay above US$74 per barrel for 2025-27, which will help uphold banking sector resilience, the report said.

Credit growth in most GCC countries is broadly based on a strong project pipeline, with aggregate contract awards driven by infrastructure development, especially in Saudi Arabia and the UAE.

The positive trajectory is expected to continue in the near future and this outlook is supported by rising lending volumes, increased fee income, stable margins and effective cost management. As the cost of lending turns more favourable, GCC countries might expand their investments globally.

Mayur Pau, EY MENA Financial Services Leader, said that as they go into the first quarter of 2025, the GCC banking industry should remain strong due to considerable capital cushions, healthy asset quality indicators and adequate profitability.

“Furthermore, resilient economies, the region’s economic diversification efforts and enabling policies will support higher consumption and investment, further boosting the sector’s performance. The upcoming financial year looks to be a transformative period, with advancements in technology, shifts in consumer behavior and regulatory changes shaping the future of banking,” Pau said.

Banking Sector Growth

GCC banks have shown sustained growth in credit facilities during 2024, supported by economic transformation plans, robust project pipeline, healthy demand and resilient economic conditions. The banks are well-capitalised with strong asset quality indicator and are likely to uphold this strong performance trajectory throughout 2025.

The UAE banks are anticipated to maintain robust growth in their lending activities, bolstered by relaxed monetary policies and a favourable economic environment. Further, growth in deposits consistently outpaced lending, supported by corporate and retail segments.

Asset quality will remain strong, as the banks capitalized on high profits to provision for legacy loans. Credit demand and reduced borrowing costs are expected to boost credit growth during 2025, the EY report said.

Saudi banks reported healthy credit growth in 2024, backed by a broad-based loan growth, especially in the private sector. This was primarily due to various project developments in line with Vision 2030. The country’s planned megaprojects will play a role in creating enormous business and lending opportunities for banks this year.

Banks in Qatar exhibit sufficient profitability and robust capital strength, with both Tier 1 and capital adequacy ratio (CAR) surpassing the mandated regulatory thresholds. Domestic funding avenues are predicted to adequately finance credit expansion this year with the completion of major infrastructure projects and increased liquefied natural gas (LNG) production.

In Oman, the robust growth in the lending sector aligns with the nation’s expanding non-oil economic activities and the steady progress of Oman Vision 2040 initiatives, which aim to diversify the economy. The credit environment is expected to remain conducive, supporting lending growth in the near term.

Bahrain is poised for robust economic growth, with the completion of refinery upgrades and a pick-up in the private sector supporting greater private investment. Backed by cheaper borrowing costs, credit growth is projected to further edge up this year, giving a boost to consumers and corporates.

Kuwait’s banking sector has enjoyed high profitability, supported by slow rate cuts and stronger lending growth. The industry is anticipated to sustain its stability, underpinned by substantial capital reserves and a formidable net external position, with foreign assets accounting for 30.4% of total local bank assets at the end of December 2024.

Non-oil Growth

With the GCC GDP growth forecast to grow at 3.5% in 2025, interest rate cuts, together with further investment and structural reform initiatives, means non-oil growth of over 3.4% in the UAE and Saudi Arabia.

As per the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the current account surplus is expected to be 8.2% of the GDP in 2025. On the fiscal front, a surplus of 3.9% of the GDP is forecast for 2025.

Global oil demand is forecasted to increase by 1.6 Million Barrels Per Day (MBPD) to 104.5 MBPD in 2025, reflecting the end of the post-COVID-19 pandemic release of pent-up demand, challenging global economic conditions and clean energy technology deployment.

Non-OPEC+ producers are likely to account for the bulk of the increase if OPEC+ voluntary cuts remain in place. High oil prices – with the average for 2024 estimated at US$81 per barrel – and favourable economic growth have supported the GCC banks’ healthy finances.